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享有“亞洲第一長(zhǎng)洞”美譽(yù)的貴州綏陽(yáng)縣雙河洞，在科考中取得重要新突破，科研團(tuán)隊(duì)在洞中發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)迄今保存最完整的羚?；?，這也是晚更新世羚牛的首個(gè)可靠化石記錄。相關(guān)成果于4月2日在我國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)期刊《科學(xué)通報(bào)》上發(fā)表。

It has been learned that a major breakthrough has been achieved in the scientific exploration of Shuanghe Cave in Suiyang County, Guizhou Province—renowned as the "Longest Cave in Asia." A research team has discovered the most complete takin fossil ever found in China, which also represents the first reliable fossil record of the Late Pleistocene takin. The findings were published on April 2 in the Chinese academic journal Science Bulletin.

在貴州綏陽(yáng)雙河洞區(qū)域科考發(fā)現(xiàn)羚?；念^骨、股骨及上頜齒列的標(biāo)本圖。（受訪者供圖）

從1988年至今，貴州科學(xué)院山地資源研究所持續(xù)組織科考隊(duì)對(duì)雙河洞區(qū)域開(kāi)展探測(cè)與科研。2025年5月，科考隊(duì)成員、法國(guó)洞穴探險(xiǎn)家讓·波塔西在對(duì)雙河洞周邊金鐘山區(qū)域開(kāi)展系統(tǒng)性洞穴探測(cè)與野外考察過(guò)程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)一具保存相對(duì)完整的大型哺乳動(dòng)物骨架，其形態(tài)特征引起了他的關(guān)注。

Since 1988, the Institute of Mountain Resources of the Guizhou Academy of Sciences has continuously organized scientific expeditions to survey and study the Shuanghe Cave area. In May 2025, during a systematic cave exploration and field investigation of the Jinzhong Mountain area surrounding Shuanghe Cave, expedition member and French cave explorer Jean Bottazzi discovered a relatively complete skeleton of a large mammal. Its morphological features immediately drew his attention.

 

隨后，科考團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)周邊沉積環(huán)境進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步清理與辨識(shí)，又在距該標(biāo)本約20米處發(fā)現(xiàn)另一具個(gè)體化石。經(jīng)形態(tài)測(cè)量、年代學(xué)測(cè)定及系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)分析確認(rèn)，兩具化石均為羚牛，分別是1頭未成年個(gè)體和1頭成年個(gè)體，均來(lái)自晚更新世晚期，距今約1.5萬(wàn)年和1.1萬(wàn)年?！拔覀冄芯客茰y(cè)，兩只羚牛均從洞口進(jìn)入洞穴，因洞道狹窄崎嶇，不慎跌落至洞內(nèi)約5米高的陡坎之下，最終受困無(wú)法返回。”讓·波塔西說(shuō)。

Subsequently, the research team further cleaned and examined the surrounding sedimentary environment and found another individual fossil about 20 meters away from the first specimen. Through morphological measurements, chronological dating, and systematic taxonomic analysis, both fossils were confirmed to be takins—one a juvenile and one an adult—both from the Late Pleistocene, dating back approximately 15,000 and 11,000 years, respectively. "We speculate that both takins entered the cave from the entrance, but due to the narrow and rugged passage, they accidentally fell off a steep drop of about five meters inside the cave and were ultimately trapped, unable to return," said Bottazzi.

 

科考人員在貴州綏陽(yáng)縣雙河洞發(fā)現(xiàn)羚牛化石的洞口，為入洞勘查做準(zhǔn)備。（受訪者供圖）

“羚?；陌l(fā)現(xiàn)，使我們對(duì)這一物種歷史生存環(huán)境有了新的認(rèn)知。”論文第一作者、貴州科學(xué)院山地資源研究所副研究員王德遠(yuǎn)介紹，現(xiàn)生羚牛是典型高寒物種，主要棲息在海拔2000米至4500米以上的高山森林與草甸，僅冬季短暫下移至2500米以下針葉林帶。而貴州綏陽(yáng)雙河洞地處大婁山山脈，周邊區(qū)域海拔僅600米至1700米，氣候溫暖濕潤(rùn)，與現(xiàn)生羚牛的典型生存環(huán)境差異顯著。此次雙河洞區(qū)域出土的化石保存完整，為研究羚牛的演化脈絡(luò)與歷史分布變遷提供了關(guān)鍵實(shí)證。

"The discovery of the takin fossils has provided new insights into the historical living environment of this species," said Wang Deyuan, first author of the paper and associate researcher at the Institute of Mountain Resources, Guizhou Academy of Sciences. He explained that extant takins are typical alpine species, mainly inhabiting high mountain forests and meadows at elevations of 2,000 to 4,500 meters, only briefly descending to coniferous forest belts below 2,500 meters in winter. In contrast, Shuanghe Cave in Suiyang County, Guizhou, is located in the Dalou Mountain range, with surrounding elevations of only 600 to 1,700 meters and a warm, humid climate—markedly different from the typical habitat of living takins. The well-preserved fossils unearthed in the Shuanghe Cave area provide key evidence for studying the evolutionary history and historical distribution shifts of the takin.

 

據(jù)了解，在2025年10月進(jìn)行的貴州綏陽(yáng)雙河洞第24次國(guó)際洞穴科考期間，科考人員又新發(fā)現(xiàn)2具較為完整的羚牛個(gè)體化石，至此該洞穴內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)的羚?；倐€(gè)體數(shù)已達(dá)4具。

It is also known that during the 24th International Scientific Expedition to Shuanghe Cave in Suiyang, Guizhou, conducted in October 2025, researchers discovered two additional relatively complete takin individual fossils, bringing the total number of takin fossils found in the cave to four.

在貴州綏陽(yáng)雙河洞發(fā)掘現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的羚牛頭骨。（受訪者供圖）

此外，科研人員已在雙河洞內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)52具大熊貓化石遺骸，主要為晚更新世巴氏大熊貓，洞中大熊貓化石數(shù)量多、保存完好備受關(guān)注。同時(shí)期還發(fā)現(xiàn)蘇門(mén)答臘犀、劍齒象、鬣羚等動(dòng)物化石遺骸，這表明羚牛很可能是中國(guó)西南山區(qū)中晚更新世“大熊貓—?jiǎng)X象動(dòng)物群”的重要成員之一。

In addition, researchers have found 52 giant panda fossil remains in Shuanghe Cave, mostly Late Pleistocene Ailuropoda melanoleuca baconi (Bacon's giant panda). The large number and excellent preservation of giant panda fossils in the cave have drawn significant attention. Remains of other animals such as the Sumatran rhinoceros, stegodon, and serow have also been found from the same period, suggesting that the takin was likely an important member of the "giant panda–stegodon fauna" of the Middle to Late Pleistocene in the mountainous regions of southwestern China.

 

部分資料來(lái)源 新華社 貴州十二背后旅游區(qū)

貴州日?qǐng)?bào)天眼新聞?dòng)浾?鄧冰

編輯 徐微微

二審 李劼

三審 田旻佳